The studies behind the Catapult method. Most are free to read, and the first few paragraphs tell you what you need.
Study · 2018
How many hours does it take to make a friend?
Jeffrey A. Hall, Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
About 50 hours to a casual friend, 90 to a friend, over 200 to a close friend. The reason one great night isn't enough.
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Study · 2000
Tend and befriend
Shelley E. Taylor and colleagues, Psychological Review
Under stress, women often reach for each other. The research that named it.
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Study · 2015
Dancing in sync raises pain thresholds and bonds us
Tarr, Launay, Cohen and Dunbar, Biology Letters
Moving together in rhythm makes people feel closer. Why music and dance belong in your gatherings.
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Study · 2010
Social relationships and mortality risk
Holt-Lunstad, Smith and Layton, PLOS Medicine
A review of 148 studies: strong social ties are linked to a much better chance of living longer. Connection is health.
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Paper · 1986
Sense of community: A definition and theory
David McMillan and David Chavis, Journal of Community Psychology
The classic definition: membership, influence, shared needs and a shared emotional connection. A checklist for any community you build.
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Paper · 1995
The need to belong
Roy Baumeister and Mark Leary, Psychological Bulletin
Belonging isn't a nice-to-have. It's a basic human need, as real as food and shelter.
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Study · 1997
The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness
Arthur Aron and colleagues, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
The famous 36 questions. Strangers who answered them together felt close in under an hour. Great inspiration for icebreakers that go deeper.
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Study · 2011
Synchronized arousal in a fire-walking ritual
Konvalinka and colleagues, PNAS
During a fire-walking festival in Spain, the heart rates of walkers and their loved ones watching rose and fell together. Shared experiences literally sync us.
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Study · 2014
Mistakenly seeking solitude
Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
Commuters who talked to a stranger had a better ride than those who kept to themselves, even though they predicted the opposite. We underestimate how good connection feels.
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Study · 2014
Social interactions and well-being: The surprising power of weak ties
Gillian Sandstrom and Elizabeth Dunn, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Even small chats with acquaintances lift our mood. The regulars who just say hi at your events matter too.
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Study · 2015
The ice-breaker effect: Singing mediates fast social bonding
Eiluned Pearce, Jacques Launay and Robin Dunbar, Royal Society Open Science
Singing groups bonded faster than craft or writing groups. Want a room to feel close quickly? Make sound together.
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Study · 2015
Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality
Julianne Holt-Lunstad and colleagues, Perspectives on Psychological Science
Loneliness and isolation raise the risk of early death about as much as other well-known health risks. The follow-up to her 2010 review.
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Study · 2018
The liking gap in conversations
Erica Boothby and colleagues, Psychological Science
After talking with someone new, we think they liked us less than they really did. Remind your guests: she liked you more than you think.
Read the study → (opens in a new tab): The liking gap in conversations